The Annunciation
The
angel Gabriel announced (“annunciated”) the staggering news to Mary, an
unmarried Galilean teenager from a backwater village in an inconsequential
corner of the Roman Empire, that she would be overshadowed by the Holy Spirit and conceive the Son of God in her
womb. This incredible proclamation to a peasant girl, that she was chosen to be
the virgin mother of Jesus Christ, is called “the Annunciation” (Luke 1:26-38).
The Priority
of Grace
The
choice of Mary to be the mother of Jesus did not depend on any virtues she
possessed that would “qualify” her for the unique role she would play in God’s
redemptive plan. There was nothing remarkable to commend the young peasant girl
for the awesome responsibility she was to assume. She brought no resources to
the God-human encounter. She had no wealth or social standing; she held no
important position in society, even in her small village. In terms of worldly
power, possessions and prestige, she was of no consequence. Despite her lack of
worldly status, however, the angel Gabriel hailed Mary as highly favored and blessed
among women because of the unique role for which she was chosen as the
human mother of the fully divine Son of God (Luke 1:28, 42).
Notwithstanding
her unique status as the virgin-mother of Jesus, however, Mary was an ordinary
human being—made of the dust of the ground. There was nothing extraordinary
about Mary to make her worthy of her highly
favored position.
Even Mary’s
willing consent to God’s plan for her life was not a precondition for God’s
goodness towards her. The choice of the young peasant girl to bear the Son of
God was not determined by any prior decision on her part. Mary could not have decided
of her own accord to become the virgin “mother of God.” As the angelic
messenger announced, the divine decision to choose Mary had already been made for her.
Mary
freely received the divine favor that
God had sovereignly and graciously chosen to bestow upon her by consenting to the
extraordinary plan God had prepared for her life, trusting that with God “nothing will be impossible” (Luke 1:37,
NKJV). With simple trust and humility, she replied to the angel, “I am the Lord’s servant … May your word to me
be fulfilled” (Luke 1:38).
The
Conditional Grace of Religion
Mary,
the virgin-mother of Jesus, is an outstanding example of an ordinary human
being whose life is transformed by grace. Unilaterally and unconditionally, God graciously lavished his favor upon the young peasant
girl, apart from any prior attempt on Mary’s part to earn divine favor. With
trusting consent to the divine plan for her life, Mary simply received God
goodness towards her.
We often
hear “grace” defined as “unmerited pardon” or “favor.” G-R-A-C-E is often defined as “God's Riches at Christ’s Expense.” And,
rightly so, we often hear that we cannot earn God’s grace. Despite a proper
emphasis on the unmerited nature of grace, however, there are—perhaps
unintentionally—implicit, yet contradictory, conditions in much teaching and
preaching. Grace is presented conditionally when it is explained in terms of a “contract”:
that is, if the sinner fulfils
certain conditions, then God will be
gracious. Some preachers may claim that God’s goodness
and mercy are available only to those who have made a “decision for Christ,” or
who have recited “the sinner’s prayer” and “accepted” Jesus as their Lord and
Savior. Preachers and teachers with a more legalistic bent may
attach other conditions to divine grace, asserting that only those who believe
specific doctrines or adhere to certain standards of behavior deserve God’s
favor.
According
to much contemporary teaching and preaching, human salvation is not complete in
the life, death, resurrection and ascension of Jesus Christ. Contrary to the
words of Jesus when he hung on the cross, it is not “finished”; rather, some task remains undone, to be completed
by the repentant sinner; some doctrine must be fervently believed if the fires
of hell are to be avoided. For many, salvation is a mere potential, waiting to
be “actualized,” or brought to fruition, by some action on
the part of the person who desires to be “saved.” Only when the sinner has played
his or her part in the drama of salvation is he or she “saved.”
The
gospel, however, is the good news that our standing before God does not depend upon any decision, belief or
action on our part. We do not have to “earn” God’s favor. The gospel proclaims
that God’s goodness is freely bestowed upon all
in Jesus Christ. Grace cannot be detached from the person of Jesus Christ and presented
as a contract whose conditions must be fulfilled if the sinner is to be
“saved.” God’s grace cannot be detached from the person of Jesus Christ and
constituted the sole property of an institutionalized church, so that it may be
doled out to sinners via the sacraments, penance or confession.
Grace
is God’s self-giving for all humanity in Jesus Christ (see John 3:16). Hence,
grace is personal, for grace is
identical with Jesus Christ, in whom the “gift” and the “Giver” are one and the
same.
A
Sinner Encounters Grace
Zacchaeus’ encounter with Jesus is an outstanding portrayal
of a sinner’s encounter with grace as a personal reality (Luke 19:1-9). As a “chief tax collector,” a servant of the
oppressive, pagan government of occupying Rome, Zacchaeus was regarded as a sinner—a
social-religious outcast shunned by the respectable members of first-century
Jewish society, who doubtless resented the wealth he accumulated by skimming
money from the taxes he collected from his neighbors.
Upon hearing that Jesus was passing nearby on his way
to Jerusalem, Zacchaeus, who was short in stature, climbed a sycamore tree, so
that he might get a better look at Jesus. When he saw Zacchaeus in the tree,
Jesus shunned contemporary social convention by inviting himself to the tax
collector’s home. Jesus’ gracious intention to “stay at the house” of the chief
tax collector triggered the complaints of the local villagers, who disapproved
of the Lord’s willingness to lodge in the home of a social and religious
outcast. As a result of his surprising encounter with grace, Zacchaeus pledged
to give half his possessions to the poor and to return fourfold to any he may
have cheated. Upon hearing this, Jesus proclaimed, “Today salvation has come to this house … for the Son of Man came to
seek and to save the lost” (Luke 19:9-10).
It is vital to note that, like the Virgin Mary, Zacchaeus
had done absolutely nothing to deserve what was nothing less than a divine
visitation. Zacchaeus merely climbed a tree to get a better look as Jesus passed.
Yet, despite the local villagers’ contempt for the tax collector, Jesus reached
out to Zacchaeus. Apart from any attempt to make himself worthy—indeed, with no
opportunity to make himself worthy—Zacchaeus freely received (Luke 19:6, NKJV) Jesus into his home. Through his
personal encounter with grace, Zacchaeus, like the Virgin Mary, was highly favored by God!
Here again we see the priority of grace. Note that Jesus
did not wait for Zacchaeus to accept him before expressing his wish to stay in
the tax collector’s home. To the contrary: Zacchaeus did not “accept” Jesus; Jesus accepted Zacchaeus, who had done nothing more than climb a tree. The
sinful tax collector could only receive
the favor that Jesus had already decided to freely bestow upon him, for, as
Jesus proclaimed, “The Son of man came to
seek and to save the lost” (Luke 19:10).
The Transforming Power of Grace
As the direct result of his encounter with Jesus, Zacchaeus
was radically transformed, so that he freely and willingly reached out to his
neighbors in repentance and restitution. The transforming power of the divine favor
Jesus unconditionally gave to Zacchaeus reveals the abject failure of religion
to change the human heart. Religion attempts to control external behavior by
its emphasis on law rather than grace, expressed in stern-jawed demands for
unquestioning submission to human rules and expectations. Yet human sinfulness
is an internal problem, originating in the “heart” (Matthew 15:19), and even
the most stringent outward adherence to the demands of religion cannot
transform the human heart or constitute even the most zealous worthy of the
grace of God.
The proclamation of the gospel heralds the end of
religion, where “religion” is understood as any attempt to please or appease
God through human effort. Grace cannot be earned through the onerous demands of
religion; grace can only be received by the empty hand that reaches out in
trust to touch the edge of Jesus’ cloak (see Matthew 9:19-21). Zacchaeus was
not transformed by the rituals, rules and regulations of the cumbersome religion
of his day; rather, he was condemned by his neighbors and scorned as a sinner
for his failure to live according to its burdensome demands. Zacchaeus was
transformed by God’s love as revealed in the incarnate Son, as Jesus graciously
engaged him in intimate fellowship.
Jesus’ loving, gracious engagement with Zacchaeus unveils
the eternal heart of God. Because Jesus is the Second Person of the Holy
Trinity, the “exact representation of His
being” (Hebrews 1:3), the one in whom the “fullness of the Deity lives in bodily form” (Colossians 2:9), and the
eternal Word who “became flesh and made
his dwelling among us” (John 1:14), his loving act toward Zacchaeus is an
expression of the eternal heart of the Triune God, whom Scripture describes as
“love” (1 John 4:8, 16). God engages us,
even in our sinfulness, and pours himself out in self-emptying love for us (see
Philippians 2:5-11)!
The Way of Grace
Returning to the much-loved story of Gabriel’s
appearance to the virgin Mary¸ the “Annunciation” appears at the beginning of
the life and mission of Jesus Christ as a sign of the way God’s love has taken,
not only for Mary, but for each of us (1).
We too are the recipients of God’s goodness, and our standing with our heavenly
Father does not depend upon our “worthiness” to receive divine favor. The Lamb
of God has taken away the sin of the world (John 1:29). In Jesus Christ, the
world is fully reconciled to the Father (2 Corinthians 5:19; Colossians 1:20),
who has lavished his love upon us and claimed us as his children (1 John 3:1). Like
Mary and Zacchaeus, ours is simply to receive
by faith the grace of God that is already
given us in Jesus Christ.
In the
old Latin translation of the New Testament, Gabriel greets the young virgin
with words made famous in Schubert’s beloved song, Ave, Maria! That is “Hail, Mary!” Because of the life, death,
resurrection and ascension of Jesus Christ, the angelic hosts joyfully
proclaim: “Hail Mary!” “Hail John!” “Hail Susan!” And “hail to you” dear reader,
for the good news of the Advent-Christmas season is that, like Mary, we are all highly favored by God! (2) Amen.
References
1.
Torrance, T.F. 1957.
“When Christ Comes to the Individual.” In When
Christ Comes and Comes Again. Eugene, OR: Wipf & Stock Publishers, pp.
31-38.
2. Ibid.
